The Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Learning Media in Primary School Learning and Its Impact on Students’ Learning Motivation

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), has significantly influenced educational practices, including primary education. AI-based learning media are considered to have strong potential to support student-centered learning and enhance students’ learning motivation. This study aims to systematically review and synthesize research findings related to the utilization of Artificial Intelligence-based learning media in primary school learning and its implications for students’ learning motivation. This study employed a qualitative approach using a literature review method with a systematic selection process. A total of 25 national and international peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2020 and 2025 were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis through data reduction, thematic categorization, and synthesis of research findings. The results indicate that AI-based learning media are implemented in various forms, including adaptive learning applications, intelligent tutoring systems, educational chatbots, and interactive digital media. The findings reveal that the use of AI-based learning media has positive implications for primary school students’ learning motivation by increasing engagement, learning interest, self-confidence, and active participation. However, several challenges were also identified, such as limited teacher competence, unequal technological infrastructure, and ethical as well as data privacy concerns. This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive synthesis of recent research on AI-based learning media in primary education and highlighting pedagogical implications for enhancing students’ learning motivation. The study concludes that AI-based learning media can effectively support students’ learning motivation when implemented in alignment with pedagogical principles and the developmental characteristics of primary school students.